Strategic Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

Strategic Research Journal of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources

The Role of Wheat in Improving the Iran's Food Security in Sixth Five-Year Economic, Cultural and Social Development Plan

Document Type : Original Article

Authors
Assistant Professor of Agricultural Planning, Economic and Rural Development Research Institute (APERDRI), Ministry of Agriculture Jihad, Tehran
10.22047/srjasnr.2025.490466.1117
Abstract
In Iran, government policies have consistently prioritized wheat self-sufficiency due to its crucial role in food security. To ensure both physical and economic accessibility, the government often monopolizes significant portions of the wheat supply chain. Analyzing the fundamental pillars of food security-particularly in relation to wheat, alongside the optimal dietary composition for society, data from the food security index during the sixth five-year development plan indicates that wheat production and consumption have historically maintained food security. However, this index saw a decline in 1401. Production instability is a key factor influencing the food security index, exacerbating food insecurity fluctuations. Additionally, considering environmental factors-specifically the optimal food basket for 1403, the development of a suitable nutritional pattern has contributed to the enhancement of the food security index in relation to wheat.  It has been suggested that the government reduce its monopoly over the wheat, flour, and bread supply chain by easing mandatory price and non-price regulations on a portion of this sector. Additionally, to mitigate production instability and its negative impact on national food security, the government should enhance support for technical research, particularly in developing low-irrigation tolerant cultivars. Emphasis should be placed on introducing new rainfed wheat cultivars that are highly adaptable to the country’s climatic conditions while offering strong yield potential. Furthermore, efforts should focus on increasing the acceptance rate of these new cultivars through promotion, training, and leveraging private sector capacities.
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