حفظ تنوع زیستی یا زیست‌فناوری: اولویت امروز ایران چیست؟

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد دانشگاه تهران

2 پژوهشگر پسادکتری دانشگاه تهران.

چکیده

امروزه، بحث‌های فراوانی در محافل علمی و محیط زیستی دنیا درباره بودن یا نبودن محصول‌های تراریخت در سبد غذایی انسان وجود دارد. هر کسی استدلال خود را دارد و عبارت‌هایی چون بی‌دانشی، بی‌مسئولیتی، احساساتی و شعاری بودن، سود‌جویی، مافیا و حتی به تازگی تروریستی هم وارد این ادبیات شده است. نگارندگان این مقاله در جایگاه زیست‌شناس، حامی دستاوردهای بشری در حوزه علم هستند و به منزله  متخصص تنوع زیستی و فعال محیط زیست به شدت از تخریب طبیعت و روند برگشت‌ناپذیر آن نگران هستند. از طرفی زندگی بسیاری از موجودهای کره زمین که تنها سیاره سبز است به دلیل افزایش گرمای جهانی و گسترش بیابان‌ها و به هم خوردن تعادل‌های بوم‌نظام‌های طبیعی در خطر نابودی است. پرسشی که باید به آن پاسخ داده شود این است که اولویت امروز ایران چیست؟ با نگاهی به وضعیت محیط زیست در ایران ملاحظه می‌کنید که با مصرف بی‌رویه ذخیره‌های آبی و خشکاندن بیشتر تالاب‌ها و رودخانه‌ها، تخریب مراتع و فرسایش خاک و نابودی جنگل‌ها رکوردهای جهانی در چند دهه اخیر شکسته شده است. کشوری که همیشه به دلیل تنوع آب و هوایی بر پایه خرده اقلیم‌ها توانسته داشته‌های تنوع زیستی بومی و زراعی خود را به صورت "باقیمانده"، "پناهنده" یا "جداشده" حفظ کند با یکسان‌‌سازی در الگوهای توسعه‌ای، زندگی و کشاورزی به سمت بی‌‌هویتی زیستی – تاریخی کشانده شده است. این در حالی است که با ارزش‌ترین ذخیره‌های ژنتیکی این کشور به سرعت در حال انقراض است. بنابراین باید بر پایه دانش، اخلاق و قانون به این روند مخرب پایان داد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Biodiversity Conservation or Biotechnology: What Is Iran’s Priority Today?

نویسندگان [English]

  • H. Akhani 1
  • A. Rudov 2
1 Professor of the University of Tehran
2 Postdoctoral Researcher of the University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

There are hard discussions in Iran and all over the world on accepting or rejecting the use of “Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO)” in people’s food needs. The pro and con discussions include a wide variety of claims from ignorance, irresponsibility, emotionality, slogans, profitability, mafia and even terroristic objections.  The authors of this paper as biologists support human scientific achievements and as biodiversity experts and environmentalists are very concerned about destruction of our environment and its irreversible consequences. Furthermore, the threatening of our green planet by global warming, desertification and instability of natural ecosystems are in the centre of our attention.  The crucial question is: What Iran’s priority should be today? The present shortage of water as a result of mismanagement and overuse, drying up large number of wetlands and rivers, destroying of natural vegetation and in particular forests, and increasing soil erosion are among many alarming environmental problems in Iran. A main feature of Iran’s nature is the presence of microclimates and diverse habitats which support living of many “relicts”, “refugee” and “highly isolated” species. The developmental activities often lead to reduction of differences not only in human life styles but also in our activities such as agricultural practices which often lead to the loss of many genetic resources. We need urgent measures to end this kind of approach using scientific understanding, ethics and proper legislature.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Biosafety
  • Extinction
  • Genetic resources
  • Saline ecosystems
  • Threatening flora of Iran
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